CYP450 enzymes are involved in many drug-drug interactions. Some drugs can inhibit or induce the activity of these enzymes, leading to altered metabolism of co-administered drugs.
CYP1A2
- Inhibitor: Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Cimetidine, Citalopram, Ketoconazole, Paroxetine
- Inducer: Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Charbroiled foods, Tobacco, Ritonavir, St. John’s wort
- Substrate: Naproxen, Amitriptyline, Verapamil, Clopidogrel, Duloxetine, Ramelteon
CYP2C9
- Inhibitor: Cimetidine, Fluoxetine, Voriconazole, Fluconazole, Amiodarone, Efavirenz, Metronidazole
- Inducer: Rifampin, Carbamazepine, Phenytoin
- Substrate: Tamoxifen, Losartan, S-Warfarin, Celecoxib, Phenytoin, Carvedilol, Voriconazole, Glyburide, Sildenafil
CYP2C8
- Inhibitor: Gemfibrozil, Nicardipine, Atazanavir, Trimethoprim
- Inducer: Phenobarbital, Rifampin, Carbamazepine
- Substrate: Paclitaxel, Carbamazepine, Amiodarone, Pioglitazone
CYP2C19
- Inhibitor: Ketoconazole, Omeprazole, Topiramate, Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine
- Inducer: Rifampin, Carbamazepine, Phenytoin
- Substrate: Diazepam, Phenytoin, Citalopram, Omeprazole, Diphenhydramine, Duloxetine, R-Warfarin
CYP2D6
- Inhibitor: Methadone, Cimetidine, Fluoxetine, Ritonavir, Haloperidol, Amiodarone, Paroxetine, Quinidine, Sertraline
- Inducer: Carbamazepine, Phenytoin, Ethanol, St. John’s wort, Ritonavir
- Substrate: Amitriptyline, Metoprolol, Paroxetine, Duloxetine, Haloperidol, Venlafaxine, Tramadol, Trazodone, Narcotic analgesics
CYP2E1
- Inhibitor: Cimetidine, Disulfiram
- Inducer: Ritonavir, Isoniazid, Ethanol
- Substrate: Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Venlafaxine
CYP3A family
- Inhibitor: Erythromycin, Ketoconazole, Saquinavir, Verapamil, Metronidazole, Amiodarone, Cimetidine, Diltiazem, Posaconazole, Metronidazole, Nifedipine, Voriconazole, Atazanavir
- Inducer: Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital, St. John’s wort, Nevirapine, Carbamazepine, Rifampin, Garlic supplements, Grapefruit, Seville orange, Bitter orange
- Substrate: Atorvastatin, Warfarin, Lidocaine, Ethyl estradiol, Cyclosporine, Alprazolam, Ziprasidone, Doxorubicin, Amitriptyline, Methadone, Cyclosporine, Amlodipine, Indinavir, Cyclosporine, Paclitaxel, Ritonavir, Lidocaine, Lovastatin, Midazolam, Tamoxifen, Zaleplon, Atazanavir
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